Flexibility in elderly patients _1991 hand vein puncture techniques

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Flexibility back of the hand vein technique in elderly patients
 
 
Intravenous infusion for high-quality care is very important. To be Puncture in the regular operating procedures, in general, require patients to select the back of the hand vein fist, but in practice patients found that individual differences in the different after the election if all venipuncture Zhu Huanzhe fist,You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login, often encounter difficult choice to find and inconvenient intravenous needle and the success rate of puncture. Injection room in our hospital since 1996, through the back of the hand vein of elderly patients do not make a fist make a fist with the state to observe the back of the hand under the older less fat, the physiological characteristics of loose skin to change the traditional instruct patient to make a fist and select blood vessels, observed Traveling back of the hand blood vessels of patients using the method of blood vessels do not make a fist choice, and achieved satisfactory results. First,You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login, the method: the operator left palm heart puncture with the patient state the formation of the arcuate, according to aseptic technique after disinfecting the skin, the bottom of the left thumb skin taut selected vein, the blood vessel fixed, right hand holding the needle handle,You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login, the tip and the skin was 3o. The needle puncture is successful, according to conventional fixed needle, adjust the drip rate. Second, understand the factors that affect the quality of more intravenous fluids, the nurse should be flexible and to master skills in venipuncture, because the elderly thin back of the hand muscles, blood vessel elasticity is poor, make a fist after the vessel into the second bone recess, the impact of successful puncture, not a fist to avoid these ills. Increased the degree of vascular filling, significantly improved the success rate of puncture. Most patients reflect a slight puncture pain for patients with a safe and reliable quality care. Gene diagnosis of phenylketonuria, Yangzhou, Jiangsu University School of Medicine of the 000.1 Class (2250o1) Tom East. Yu Lung Lau, Yangzhou, Jiangsu University School of Medicine Women of the 0105 class (2250o1) Liu Jing phenylketonuria (H (U) is the most common disorders of amino acid metabolism, is an autosomal recessive genetic disease 【】】. Children heterozygous parents were clinically asymptomatic; children from their parents each had one chromosome containing the mutant gene, a homozygous or double heterozygotes. which is characterized by the body phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) synthesis blocked, benzene alanine metabolism, resulting in hyperphenylalaninemia,You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login, and phenylketonuria, the interest is not treated in time children will appear in brain tissue damage and irreversible mental retardation, serious and even life-threatening. if early diagnosis and early treatment, mental and physical development of children can be completely normal. PKU diagnosis previously used Fecl3 law and Guthrie screening test for newborns, and children with early dietary treatment, in large part to improve the symptoms and reduce the mental damage, but after treatment in children with age children are still lower than their IQ 【2J2, treatment after birth can not solve the fundamental problem. Therefore, to prevent the birth of children with PKU is particularly important, now commonly used in genetic diagnosis PKU methods are reviewed. I. Genetic analysis of the author: Tom East (198l a), male. Jiangsu marine nine people in the bachelor's degree. the human PAH gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12, namely: 12q2212q24.1, the whole about 90kb (thousands of base pairs), which contains l3 length of exons in the 57892bp (base pairs), with total length of 2.3kb, the reading frame is 1353bp and encoded 451 amino acids £ 3l. by PAH gene sequence analysis of normal and mutant, most of PAH deficiency or decrease in activity is the cause of PAH gene mutation, and not because all or part of the PAH gene is missing. in the PAH gene mutation database has registered more than 320 PAH mutations in [cited, nearly 3 / 4 of known mutations in exon 5 between exons 12, exon 7 mutation accounts for about 1 / 4. These mutations or lead to a corresponding amino acid replacement, leaving the PAH physical and chemical properties change, the formation of an unstable enzyme protein or enzyme activity of PAH or PAH produced synthetic stop codon that terminated prematurely, eventually leading to a lack of PAH; and splice site mutations lead to abnormal splicing, expressing the wrong mRNA. and then translated into abnormal peptide chain. ultimately affect the PAH enzyme activity. in the country, according to research and analysis show that the PKU gene mutation of 25 【5】 reached,You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login, they