On the current nature of China's Utopia public universities Analysis _5999

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On the current nature of China's Utopia public universities Analysis
 
 
CLC number: G649. 22 Document code: A Article ID :1672-3600 (2007) 05-0009-06  a university organization and commune organizations  people's commune system with the root is limited to 50 years began in the 20th century, 20th century, 70 years, in rural areas, a Commune is the basic principle of working consciously to the basic features of collective life, to inspire the spirit of idealized as the main means of production organization, which has a particular stable social structure and relative to the average of the distribution. The end of the social organizations because of their low productivity, the basic characteristics of the household responsibility system replaced the individual economy after the declaration of the disintegration of the collective economy. Theorists has been said that public universities still keep our organization similar to the people's commune system, and that the various characteristics of the commune form of organization in our current full expression in both university organization. Although this view is appropriate remains to be explored, but at least in terms of low efficiency and low performance reflects the system of origin, problems with because of the commonality. After the disintegration of  communes, property rights reform is the enthusiasm of farmers raised an important factor. However, if the public universities follow this path, to find such a change in ownership effective incentive, it is not easy. The reason is that in addition to policy constraints, there are features of the University's own constraints. Because the university is a whole, indivisible character of the property group characteristics and productive organization, it can only motivate the team title as the carrier, the collective production mainly depends on each member, team motivation and team co-operation obtained from the way the school. University teachers and staff working in schools outside of the fixed property rights related to intellectual property and labor income, such as lectures, wrote books, scientific research, mostly to schools as the background, the value of the aid team to achieve. Loyalty to the people's commune system of workers who, because of its lack of a reasonable return on long-term hard work, leading to the other members do not want to follow. The organization so that more people choose lazy, free riding and misappropriation of public interest. Communes of low performance of organization of production, and ultimately return to poverty and hunger. The organization of the University of communes, the return of negative academic and civilization behind. However, communes with low efficiency, low performance status, number of farmers in the quarters can be verified, and the University of inefficiency, poor performance status will take many years to appear. Supply of public universities because of their financial stability and the distribution system for all food to eat, leading to innovation within the University System initiative falls far short in comparison with the farmers. Comrade Deng Xiaoping advocated reform of property rights means that the incentive for farmers to realize the system design in mind. The public universities in the property without sufficient incentives, no new low-cost system to replace the organization. As a result, many scholars began to think about the current governance structure of public universities, problems, and actively look for causes of the problem.  Second, with the root of the derived attributes  University administrative organization is complex and mysterious original. When we organized from the perspective of this relatively simple mechanism to observe the operation, it is easier to distinguish the Chinese people's communes, public universities in the typical organization features, particularly in the governance structure on the performance of the commune's administrative properties. This property can be condensed to form its own hierarchical organization system.  Max Weber's bureaucratic organization of the system that required only of the principles it when fully implemented, can have a positive and stable effect, demonstrate the superiority of their organizations, but only to perform a local only functions of the hierarchical organization system, just the opposite. Full of great subjects defect layer system, although it hindered efficiency, but in some ways can still maintain its strong features, which is the power of the most effective adaptation layer and the distribution of benefits with it. Professor in the power of the weak layer, easy to organize the entire University community in the running process to deviate from its intended target. It is difficult to imagine, in the university such a special social organization to another organization to complete the (government) to its set goals,You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login, mandate, control its property, dispose of their remaining cases, rather than to imitate the management of government agencies. University first-level agent, representatives of both the University and with representatives of the Government's dual role, which makes them consciously or unconsciously, the university into the government's administrative management. As professor of subjects were placed in large organizations, the bottom layer or separated from the University of the twin powers of the bureaucratic system outside the organization (Sun Tianhua, 2004) [1], the power of the organization to achieve without a corresponding carrier, which induce them to have to administrative approach, whether the executive or the business management department, and even some professors who prefer to fight a low-level official post simply do not want to teach to make a living. Administrative organization in a profitable framework to analyze this practice, you will find that such behavior is not from ill-advised choice. This behavior motivation, interest is still the possibility of induction obtained, because the power of hierarchical organization in the university, the various interests allocated accordingly. A Department of Teaching and Research Office as may be by an instructor, but the Department of the professors to listen to his orders, a number of social activities, or even go out to attend an academic conference, without his consent, is probably very difficult to make the trip. Professors actively seek an official post, though inevitably official standard factors, but not really value the job itself, the figure is probably a convenient their true intention. In college, a level not high administrative posts, and even a chief of logistics system, their power is also much larger than a professor. Choose the interests of reality, a number of quick success of the teachers began to go astray, the pursuit of an official post as a target. These practices, in a way similar to the Commune by the University of the properties of the decision. In fact, the university is a place where scholarship, if you have set the organizational mechanisms to guide its members to pursue an official post in the direction to go, then discarded as agricultural Sang commune members. Teachers do not want to engage in teaching and research, the University is bound to stay away from the target, causing a serious waste of human resources. Individual to leave the target the greater the enthusiasm of his organization in which the more negative efficiency.  Third, the premise of administrative and institutional attributes of a university should assume  its strict regulations required by the Organization, including job promotion and administrative functions of the promotion system. What kind of organization to develop a scientific and effective rules and regulations, what kind of organization to strictly implement these systems, unlike some scholars describe the problem so simple. North said: In fact an efficient allocation of resources for the provision of incentives is substantial ownership structure (Douglas C · North, 1992) [2] (P29). Costly in social costs, or the use of means of warfare with the ownership of the relevant unified ideology, was not spared in birth defects because of the ownership structure had to discard the outcome. Soviet collective farms and the disintegration of people's commune system in China, provides us with ready-made experience. Perhaps no one has had such a system and the  Specific cultural connotation of university organization, such as values, ideals, beliefs, behavior goals like a banner, consciously gathered in person under this banner, first said the organization recognized the value of culture, the organizational culture of their provided in the spirit of sacrifice, History, but a group of college as a sacred temple, as the university, advocating Evolution of the world in any case, the line will be respected labor scholars, the value of the exchange will not change, this is beyond reproach; However, if some members of the University is not the motive, just as people defected to eat well, under the banner of the University, the University for the comfort and sharing the benefits the right to come, it will make the university back from the ideal state of being secular. Of university administrators and managers motivations are analyzed may idealized design of the system many of our shame. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y gives us the source of university system theoretical framework (Douglas McGregor, 1960) [3] (P35-37).  X theory is based on administrative staff may be held by four assumptions:  1. Generally do not like the life of the work, but also to avoid as far as possible to avoid.  2. Because people do not like to work, they must be subject to close supervision, leadership, force and the threat of punishment in order to make sufficient efforts to achieve organizational goals.  3. Most people will evade responsibility, leadership is willing to be responsible people.  4. Most people regard the work place security above other relevant factors, there is no ambition.  Y theory of the nature of the staff make the following assumptions:  1. If the work is satisfactory, then work with the entertainment of employees will feel as natural and comfortable.  2. If they are committed to achieving organizational goals, then they will play in the work, initiative, self-guided, self-monitoring.  3. Under proper conditions, most people can not only learn to take responsibility, but also to learn to take the initiative to request the responsibility.  4. The average employee would value creativity, that is, the ability to make good decisions, and to seek work opportunities for creativity. Owens, Robert G ·  that, X and Y theory theory responsibilities tend to think that this or that better reflect the theory of human nature It should be said, X and Y theory corresponding theory can not be comparable as two assumptions. X theory is the basic assumption of human nature, is the study of human behavior, the study of human motivation, development of relevant laws, policies, and some regulation to the assumed premise. Under this premise, an act to avoid or publicity, incentives or constraints made the decision. This is the primary decision to make a reasonable assumption, or basic assumptions. And Y theory, not a primary assumption, it is assumed that a very effective organization, under the premise that people will be able to avoid the passive, lazy, evading responsibility, opportunism and other behavioral phenomenon, and effective organization in such a way under the pleasant work, and actively play their initiative and creativity, and sense of responsibility and so on. Strictly speaking, this is a secondary assumption that non-basic assumptions. Y starting point of the theory is built on top of an effective organization, then when the discussion is organized so effectively is based on what features people establish incentive and constraint rules, we can easily find the premise of the rule development is often constrained X theory, the premise of the rule development incentives are often Y theory. If we simply put Y theory as the premise of rules, is bound to be a