Civil emergency lighting _1551

[wlsqfjaru]

Civil emergency lighting
 
 
Abstract: According to the lighting design requirements were further discussed and summarized. And an engineering design of emergency lighting power supply, line laying, lighting control and put forward their own views. 
Key words: emergency lighting power supply line laying lighting control 
With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, development and the new century, the industries are undergoing rapid changes, and changes in the construction industry is the rapid rise of the content are numerous, varied and modern buildings, various shapes and gradually showing a high, big, full, new features. More and more high-rise modern buildings, the area increases, more and more complete internal facilities, equipment and materials used become more and more new, and in the use of the security, flexibility, comfort, etc. increasingly high standards. There is no doubt a measure of electrical building construction standards of a very important part.Particularly in public buildings fire, power failure, power failure, emergency lighting for evacuation, fire fighting and rescue work to protect the personal safety of the operation necessary to continue treatment or maintenance work has an important role. Here I only talk about their emergency lighting design and engineering practice in some of the experience and views, criticism of the inadequacies please correct me.  One  emergency lighting, emergency lighting according to the classification of The standard and the International Commission on Illumination CIE publication But the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC According to the provisions of the relevant norms, security lighting and backup lighting in the workplace and treatment settings have different, and are therefore separate the two is more appropriate.  Under the Security lighting and standby lighting. Therefore, the emergency lighting design project not only to meet fire code requirements set fire emergency lighting system,You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login, but also the various norms and standards to meet the overall requirements of the emergency lighting system. Of course, the principles of emergency lighting settings, from a security point of view, there should be more buildings to set emergency lighting; and considered from an economic point of view, only some of the most needed in the building set.  1. Evacuation lighting: When the normal lighting is off due to power failure after the accident situation in order to ensure the safety of personnel evacuated from the interior and set up lighting. From the use of function point of view, it can be divided into induction and evacuation signage lighting for general lighting. Induced to identify safety signs for the export of light direction and the location of exits; evacuation general lighting is so that people can see any obstacles on the channel, and safe pass. So that people can easily find the manual along the evacuation route set alarm, call communication devices and fire-fighting equipment.  2. Security lighting: Lighting in the normal power supply fails, to ensure the safety of personnel in potentially dangerous and set up lighting. Such as hospital operating rooms, elevator, and in the dark may cause bruising, burns, or a fall hazard areas such as metallurgy workshop.  3. Alternate lighting: Lighting in the normal power failure, to ensure the normal work or activity to continue and set up the lighting.  By 50% of the normal illumination. In the 10%. The specification provides for different illumination requirements, how to satisfy the illumination requirements, will have in the design according to different sites and their importance and the priority of national standards the principles of industry standards to determine the value for the illumination of the place. Setting range of emergency lighting and set requirements detailed in  Second, the emergency lighting power supply system  1.  Classification of emergency lighting power supply can be divided into the following types:  (1) from the power grid and the effective separation of the normal power feed Line. Generally:  a. building has two high-voltage power supply, and has more than two transformers, emergency lighting and normal lighting were received from different transformers.  B. the building is only one voltage power supply, emergency lighting, access from another road from the nearby high voltage power supply of the substation to obtain.  (2) owned diesel generators.  (3) batteries: is divided into the following two situations:  a. light, comes within the batteries, which comes with power-type emergency lights.  B. concentrated or relatively concentrated set of batteries, such as the current use of the EPS, UBS and so on.  (4) combination of power: that is, from any of the above combination of two or even three power supply power supply.  2.  Conversion time of the conversion time determine shall be determined in accordance with the relevant specifications;  (1) evacuation lighting conversion time should not be greater than 15S;  (2) the conversion time should not stand lighting greater than 15S; financial and commercial market place ≤ 1.5S  (3) security lighting conversion time should not exceed 0.5S.  Determined mainly from the conversion time of the accident may cause economic losses to consider. Some sites required a shorter conversion time, such as financial and commercial center of trading venues such as shopping malls, etc. should not be greater than the cashier 1.5S. Evacuation lighting and backup lighting for the slightly longer conversion time, basically without power constraints. The use of diesel generators as emergency power supply, as long as the automatic start, automatic conversion to meet the conversion time. For security lighting, and some places require a higher conversion time standby lighting, due to conversion time is very short, so can not be directly used for the emergency diesel generator power, nor can fluorescent lights as a power source, must be instantaneous and incandescent light Automatic conversion.  3.  Continuous lighting time to determine the type of power supply from the emergency lighting and conversion time requirements, emergency lighting is easy to see continuous working time is limited by certain conditions. In in 20min, high-rise buildings taller than 100m continuous power supply time should not be less than 30min. Emergency lighting power supply refuge floor time should not be less than 1.00h. In the Obviously, the two norms under the continuous supply of time is different, the design should master the industry-standard subject to the principle of national standards. For the connection from the grid or generator system for emergency lighting of its continuous working time is easy to meet the requirements for battery-powered emergency lighting system, the size of their working hours limited by capacity. Therefore requires a sustained long working hours for the place should not be used alone battery, should be considered in conjunction with the generator. In this case, the battery powered emergency lighting only as a backup power supply.  4. Emergency lighting power supply emergency lighting power supply to determine the way  choose OK, you should consider the types of emergency lighting, conversion time, continuous working hours, various power characteristics and the actual engineering requirements and other of factors, so that safe, reliable, technologically advanced, economical and reasonable.  (1) from the grid independent power supply. His request led to two independent from external power supply, to ensure that all the way down, another way to keep working. The capacity of power supply in this way a great margin and time, transform time, easily meet the requirements. But in a major disaster, its reliability may be damaged, lost the role of the emergency lighting power supply, therefore, large-scale high-rise buildings and some buildings of particular importance in this way is only used for emergency lighting power supply is not enough The. Generally speaking, the power was not set up specifically for the emergency lighting is often combined with the actual situation of the local power grid and the actual situation of project (if a large number of a load) into account, overall arrangements for emergency power supply of electrical equipment.  (2) powered by diesel generators. Characterized by power supply capacity and to basically unlimited, but because of operational unit takes a long time, often in a reserve status of the unit, a power outage since the start time to be 15s, so can only serve as evacuation lighting and standby lighting, and not for security lighting and some require a higher place on the conversion time backup lighting. This power is often in high-rise buildings to meet the power requirements of the fire was set, set up specifically for the emergency lighting is not economical.  (3) using battery power. When using the battery that comes with built-in lamp power type emergency lights, their advantage is high reliability, rapid conversion, to facilitate change, line fault had no effect, the impact was small cell damage. Drawback is that investment is large, the size of continuous lighting time by capacity constraints, management and maintenance requirements to run high, this method is applicable to the limited number of emergency lighting, installation of more dispersed, small scale buildings; When using concentrated or District focused set of batteries power supply, its advantage is high reliability, rapid conversion, and comes with the battery compared to less investment, management and maintenance more convenient. The disadvantage is need for specialized rooms, battery failure impact is large, and the fire line to consider the issue. This method is applicable to more types of emergency lighting, lamps, focus more on larger buildings.  (4) As the structure of the several power, reliability is different, the system requirements and the application is different, so the only choice in the actual project a certain kind of power is very difficult to meet the requirements of form, and also hard to achieve safe, reliable, economical and reasonable. Therefore, the determination of power supply in conjunction with the fire power load into account, also choose more than two and two emergency lighting power supply. The limited number of emergency lighting, small building used battery power supply comes with the larger high-rise buildings and some important buildings of special grid independent power supply used, together with the generator or battery, or to use comes from the generator and battery power supply used in combination. 

Third, the laying of the emergency lighting circuit  1. Emergency lighting circuit: including distribution main and branch lines, with normal lighting circuits shall be laid condominium total slots. The extension comes with batteries other than lamps.  2. Emergency lighting distribution box should be set separately from the normal lighting distribution box, distribution box comes with batteries other than the lamp, and in no fire hazard.  3. Premium architectural lighting and a trunk should adopt the flame retardant cable, emergency lighting, fire-resistant type of extension should adopt the wires and cables.  4. Fire emergency lighting distribution lines should wear protective metal tube, when the dark should be laid in the protective layer deposited over the non-combustion 30mm body tube for surface wall when taken in the protection of fire protection measures. If the metal tube coated with fire retardant paint acrylic latex, the use of flammable insulation and sheathing materials for non-extension cable, do not wear a metal pipe protection, but should be laid in the cable shaft.  5. Emergency lighting shall be fire district, fire district may not cross.  IV.  Emergency lighting control of large modern building with more and more, the incidence of fire accidents corresponding increase in the current review of the fire, the fire department will ask the fire control center to turn the emergency lighting indicator lights and evacuation. Accordingly, it is to focus here on the emergency fire and evacuation lighting control light. In the current electrical design, control methods vary, the common general there are several forms:  one: add switch for emergency lighting in place, usually may be controlled. It applies to all emergency lighting lamps with built-battery, power supply from non-fire power, in the event of fire, the fire control center removal of non-fire power, lights powered by the battery automatically, so that lighting can achieve the purpose of the evacuation, the Disadvantages: increased cost.  Two: no place for emergency lighting switch, which can be divided into two situations:  a) distribution box layered installation, regardless of day and night lamps are lit round the clock when the fire broke, As is always the bright light does not affect the evacuation, do not have control of the fire control center, the drawback is: a waste of energy, lamp life shortened.  B) distribution box installed in the fire control center, lights on, off control by the fire control center, Disadvantages: site can not control, the use of inconvenient, but also for high-rise buildings, power supply wire length, voltage drop is too large, To meet the requirements of lighting voltage drop is bound to increase the conductor cross section, thereby increasing the cost and construction difficulties.  III: Emergency lighting in place set the switch, but the increase in a control line, this applies to have the fire power (dual power), and emergency lighting conditions using ordinary lamps. Usually the direct control of light from the scene, fire, the scene even turn off the lights, fire control center to relay KA supply, KA close contact to drive the switches shorted KM, also from the off and bright light. If the lamp was originally opened, it will not be closed contacts affected by KA. Such programs are the best option, that is convenient and can to save energy, but also to meet regulatory requirements.  V. Conclusion  in Electrical design, emergency lighting because of their special importance and policy and more and more attention, but how to make emergency lighting design is strictly implement the state's standards and norms , but also the practice of engineering in the future to explore further.